Apparatus for subdividing material



Aug. 29, 1933. J', K. BLUM APPARATUS FOR SUBUIIDINGMTERIAL Fileg April. 8, 1927 JVN Nmwmm n www@ Patented Aug. 29,f 1933 '25 objectionable Vbecause lef the., relativen 'high 455 the apparatus are mounted for `nfiovement relas'UlnvImNer` Joseph K. Blum, Scarsdale.Y Na Y.

, 'Y @pinares non MATERIAL i Applieatien Aprile, 1927.1 serial No. 181' 9-.L6` 5 1o claims.

The present linvention'relates .to apparatus,

'Y sometimes called a disintegrator, for subdividing.

frangible material forthe purpose of reducing the same to particles of `desired fineness; thelprina5 cipal object `offthe invention being to provide a simple, rugged apparatus which will have the capacity for subdividing such material by abrasive action'as well as by impact. It is contem plated that, the invention may find its greatest usefulness in connectiongwith the pulverizing of coal or the likeyand particular.referenceY to such use of the apparatus will bemade in connectiony with the following description, although other practicable uses o f the described apparatus `will beapparent to'those skilled in the art. i

coal includes the introduction of the coal into the fire box of a suitably designed furnace in a finely divided condition and, in eiect, suspended in a stream of air whichprovides a part if not all'of the oxygen required for the complete combustion of the coal. Various types ofY apparatus forre-v ducing coal to the necessary degreeofneness are used but many types o f-such apparatus are speed at which 'they must be operated,` becauseof the Ynumber'of movingY `parts or because: of V.the power required for operation. Moreovercertain types ofsuch apparatus are relatively inflexible and incapable of efdcientwoperation at v.varying speeds -or capacities necessitated by the variation in steam consumption from the boilers or-varying demands upongfurnaces iny connection with which-theyQare used. It will appear from the f followingdescription of `avpreferred illustrative embodiment of thepresent invention 4thatthese disadvantages havev beenF largely overcomev by means of the. present apparatus. I In the-accompanying drawing Figure 1 isa longitudinal section of apparatus embodying the present inventionjf;v y f Figure 2v is a cross section on the line 2- 2 of Figure'l, and Y .i m AFigure 3 is a sectionon the'line 3--3 of Fig# Referring to the drawing, a shaft lfof ample dimensions is journaled in heavy bearings 2 and 3 which are arranged for vertical vadjustment relative yto the main frame of the apparatus. Fastened to this shaft is a `drive pulleyfi and a fly wheel 5. One lend of they shaft 1 projects into a chamber 6` wherein the frangible material is subjected to treatment. Y V t Within the chamber the active elements of One of the more .eiiicient methods of burning 'lei-sena tveiy'to each Generate effeet the deeiredaetien upon the .material to .be treated. Means are provided to impart to the two active .elements ofthe apparatus'a relativeilinear movement with respect to each other aswell as movementtoward andfrorn each other,4 thus enabling the ma` terial to be subjected-to' an abrasive action as well as; a crushing actionandthus securing the advantageous results of abrasion and impact upon the' materials. 1 i

In the present embodimentof the invention the movable or hammer elementof the pulverizeru` takes the form of an annular m'ember.'7fwhile the stationary element or anvil? `vcomprises two rugged castings 8 Qand 9. Thecooperatingsurjfaces of the-.hammer andl anvil are ,preferably so formed as to provide a space betvveenthein fof4 dimensions increasing in all directions froma single point wherethe two elements Amost closely approach each; other. Herein the `surface of the anvil is formed upontwo intersecting arcs of greater radiusthanthe two correspondingarcs of the faceof thehammer element.'A This is clearly observable in Figure 41 .where it. willfbe seen that the face l0 of the hammer element is formed in cross section upon the arc ofthe circlefhaving a less radius than thesurface 11 of theanvil, and in Figure 2 it will'be'` observed th'at'ihe radius of Vthe hammer elernentl 7 .isless thanthe radius of the anvil element; `Such a design of the y.cooperating.. faces of the hammer. and anvil insures the displacement of material fed betweenthe two `and overcomes'anyetendency ofthe material to become compacted between the ltwo elements.

.In order'to impart tothe vannular hammerelement the desired reciprocating and linearmovve-` ment' with respect to' the anvil, Ait may be mounted Y uponan eccentric 12 fastvto one end of the shaft l as shown iny the `accompanying drawing. The

periphery of theeccentric contacting with the9-5V 'L inner face of. theannular hammer willvimpart rotary motion tothe hammer while the variation in Adistance' from the axis of the shaft to e the periphery of theeccentric will impart a'reciprocatory motion to the hammer in arvertical direc-l tion.4 Due to the factthatthe line .of contact between' the eccentricA and the annular hammer Will move vfrom oneside tothe other of a vertical plane through theaxis of theshaftl, a'rockingV or swinging-motion will also be impartedfto the hammer element. rIf desired, the inner `faceof the hammer and the periphery of the eccentric may be provided with gear lteeth as shown but A frictional contact between smooth-surfaces may be entirely sufcient to insurethefcontinued rotation of the hammer 7. The minimum clearance rbetween hammer and anvil may be varied by ventexcept as hereinafter described, the ingress of air to the apparatus when it is used as a pulverizer.V The feeder 16 may bey rotatedatrany f desired-speed to govern the rate ofA feed.Y A dis-Y charge opening 17 is formed at any' appropriate point in the housing 14 herein'shown, adjacent the feed opening 15 and separated therefrom by ka baffle plate 18. When used asa coal pulverizer this discharge openingmay be suitably connected withV4 the inlet side of a suction ,fan or blower 19 the outlet of which is suitably connected'through a conduit 20 with the fire box of a furnace.

Airports 21 and 22 are formed respectively in lthe anvil casting 9 and face plate 13 sok that the actionof the blower 19 will induce a strong current of air therethrough directing kit through the material which has beensubjected to the action Vof the hammer '7 "and anvil 8,9. y

t Assuming that the apparatus is used for the purpose Yof pulverizing coal its operation may be explainedas follows: The rotation of themain shaft v1 will',u as before described, impart tothe annular hammer '7 a combined rotary and reciprocatingrmotion, thefly wheel v5 assisting in.

' maintaining a constant speed for the apparatus irrespective 'ofi the Vvarying power `consumption thereof H'If desired'the fly wheel maybe counteri. balanced relatively tothe position of the eccentric 12,. y Ihe annular hammer '7 is soA designed that its weight will be sufficient to crush thehardest lump-of material which may 'be' introduced between it and thepanvil; Withthe hammer in operation the rotary feeder 16 may be operated to freed coal at the desired rate into the chamber 6. The coal will fall to the right of the hammer in Figure 2 toward the point of minimum clearance between hammer and anvil and as the'larger lumps approach this point, they will beY sub- J'ected to the impact of the hammer as well as to constant abrasion, thus producing from the mass of coal fine particles which will be caught up by therstream of air entering through ports 21 and 22 and'rcarried upwardY toward the topof the housing. Due to the combined effect of abrasion and impact the apparatus may be operated at a comparatively low speed. vThe particles which are sufliciently newill be entrained Vwith this stream of air and carried through .the discharge opening 17 to blower 19 and the conduit 20 to the nre box. Particles which are not suiiiciently fine to be entrained by theair current will return tothe zone of action between hammer andanvil.

y The continued rotation ofthe hammer '7 in addition'to abrading the coal acts to feed the same tothe left in Figure 2 past lthe airports 21 and'22. f In the event that it is not desired to reduce the material to ,such neness that it may be vremoved Vby a current of air, the anvil casting 9 may be dispensed'with and the material allowed to feed out yfrom between the hammer and anvil v8 by gravity. f v

It is-to beunderstood that the invention may be 'variously modied and embodied within the scope .of the Vsubjoined claims.

, I claim as my invention:

1. In apparatus for subdividing material, the combination of two relativelymovablemembers having` surfaces diverging from each other in all directions from a common point, and ymeans to rotate and reciprocate one of ysaid members with respect to the other. Y y c 2. In apparatus for subdividing material, the

combination of two relatively movable members having surfaces diverging fromzeach other in all directions from a common point, and means to .impart relative reciprocatoryand rotary movement to said members. y f f relatively movableI cooperating surfaces between from the driven member and operatively related v which the material isfed, anda driving member Vwith a portion of its surface vnormally spaced thereto to impart continuous relative rotary and l reciprocatory motionf'to said surfaces simulta-v neously.

4; In apparatus for subdividing material,l the combinationv of material'feeding means, means including a driven member and providing two relatively movable cooperating surfaces between ioo which the material is fed, a housing enclosing said means, a driving member lwith a portion of its surface normally spaced from'the driven member and operatively related thereto to impart continuous relative rotary motion and curvilinear motion toWardand away from each other to said surfaces.r simultaneously, and means to induce a current of a'fluid medium Athrou'ghlsaid iio housing to remove `finely divided material therefrom. i

*5. In apparatus for subdividing materiaL the combination of an annular movable member, la cooperating stationary member, means to introducev material therebetween, and meansto rotate rthe/annular member and move the same bodily in la curvilinear path towardand away 'from the stationary, member.` i

6. In apparatus forsubdividing material, the

combination of an annular movable member, a cooperating stationary'member, an eccentric engag'ing the inner surface of said annular memberY with a -portion'of its surface normally out of engagement with saidinner surface, and means for rotating said eccentric to impart al rotary and curvilinearmotion to the annulark member relatively to the stationary member.

7. In apparatus for subdividing vmaterial ythe combination of a casing providing a fixed grinding surface, an eccentric arranged 'within said 'casing for rotationin avertical planegand a duce material between the grinding members,

means to rotate the annular member substantially continuously about its axis and to revolve'said annular member about another axis, causing movement toward and awayfromsaid co-operat'ing grinding member. 9. kIn apparatus for subdividing material, the combination of an annular grinding member, a

(3o-operating grindingmember, means to intro-v duce material between the grinding members, and

va rotatable eccentric engaging and having subing for rotation therein, an annular grinding ring having an inner diameter I"greater than the external diameter ofthe eccentric and ,surrounding and engaging the eccentric to provide a iiexible driving connection, a grinding' surface on said ring which is spaced at all points from said xed grinding surface, and means for rotating the eccentric to impart movement to the grinding ring relative to the fixed grinding surface. Y i 'JOSEPH K. BLUM. 

